International Terror Attack Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

International Terror Attack - Article Example Cell members from a terrorist group such as the Islamic Jihad causes harm to other people through the use of explosives and in the process causes harm to himself or loses his/her life (Malcolm 2008): An example occurred in 2004 when the Spanish SWAT raided a bomb factory but lost their lives in the process when an Al-Qaeda suicide bomber blew himself and killed a number of people. Additionally, there is the use of the explosives that may be rigged on strategic terror targets such as public places and buildings. An example is the death of the US ambassador to Libya after a terrorist group propelled explosives towards the American consulate on the 11th September 2012 (Infoplease n.d.). There are a variety of training techniques employed by the terrorist groups in order to ensure that they achieve their ill-motives. These are inclusive of Self education whereby the members acquire skills from channels like videos as well as written materials. This has been mostly witnessed in Afghanistan where members of a terrorist cell gather in hidden places to watch terrorist videos in order to gain knowledge on terror missions. There is also the use of commercial school training characterized by shooting classes, surveillance and fighting by use of other swords and knives. The third technique involves the use madrasa classes to spread information concerning terrorism among new members; these classes are mostly used to masquerade as religious teaching classes; such cases has been experienced in Somalia where youths are trained on terrorist missions upon attending madrasas (Hepner and Medina 2008).

A religious or moral issue Essay Example for Free

A religious or moral issue Essay Analyse and explain the way in which a religious or moral issue of concern to Christians has been dealt with in a television soap opera The moral issue that I have chosen to follow is adultery, which is when a married person has voluntary sexual intercourse with other married or not married people, rather than his or her spouse. The reason I have chosen this moral issue is because it is part of everyday life, many people are doing it and are not taking notice of the hurt and pain they are causing. I have chosen Eastenders for my soap opera, because it is a popular soap and the moral issue adultery is shown, through Natalie and Rickys affair. Christians have a strong view on adultery, they believe that you should keep sexual intercourse for marriage because it makes it part of a religious or spiritual contact and it makes it dependant on a commitment to spend the rest of your life with someone, also Do not commit adultery is one of the ten commandments, so Christians are totally against adultery. The main characters involved were Ricky, Natalie, Pat and Barry. The storyline begins with, Ricky and his son Liam coming back to the square after a few years away. After a few weeks Ricky is starting to settle down and he is renting a flat with Sam Mitchell his ex-wife, Natalie and Ricky are friends at this point. After a while Natalie realizes she still loves Ricky, her first love, and starts meeting up with him secretly and has sexual intercourse with him. Natalie makes up excuses saying that shes working overtime and during her lunch breaks when shes really meeting up with Ricky. One night Pat sees Ricky picking up Natalie from round the corner from their house. The next morning Pat confronts Natalie about what she saw and tells her to end it but Natalie starts crying and says that she still loves Ricky, but Pat tells Natalie about her own love life and that she would be making a big mistake by seeing Ricky. Natalie is still confused and not sure whom she wants to be with. On Rickys birthday Natalie stays home and looks after Jack and Liam, Rickys son. So Barry, Pat and Roy can go to Rickys party soon after they arrive Barry persuades Roy and Pat to go home and baby-sit so Natalie can come to the party. When Natalie arrives she gives Ricky his card and on the back of the envelope Natalie wrote meet me outside the back where she tells him that she is going to leave Barry. Pat and Natalie talk again and Pat shows Natalie the secret tape, which Barry has recorded for Natalies birthday it is a really special tape because Barry says how much he loves her, how important she is to him and how happy she makes him feel, after seeing the video Natalie realises that she is doing wrong and tells Ricky its over. Natalie realises she cant forget Ricky and soon their affair is back on and they plan to move away from the square and start afresh. They plan to leave on Natalies birthday, Natalie doesnt even care about the preparations that Barry made for her birthday party in the Vic. They are ready to head off but Rickys car has broken down so they have to take the car that Barry bought for Natalie. Barry is still in the Vic waiting for the guest of honour to arrive but Janine knows about Ricky and Natalie and tells Barry. Barry runs outside and sees Natalie driving off but he stops them. Natalie then tells Barry shes leaving him, Barry takes her into the Vic and shows her what he has organised for her, Natalie runs off to the toilets Barry runs after her and tries o make her change her mind but her minds already made up. Natalie is ready to leave but then Janine tells Natalie that Ricky slept with Sam, Natalie leaves the square only taking her son with her. Barry is left heartbroken, he then finds out that Pat knew about Ricky and Natalie, Pat and Roy end up having an argument about it, Roy has a heart attack and dies. The issue seen was dealt sensitively because the different characters feelings were expressed, although it was Natalie who was having the affair, you could see that not only was it the innocent partner that was confused but the partner which was committing adultery was even more confused, Natalie wasnt sure who she wanted to be with at some points and was getting very upset over it. Pat tried to help her make the right decision but Natalie didnt care. This soap opera made the moral issue less appealing, I think that it made people think more about what they are doing is totally wrong. The reason it did not make it more appealing is because it showed all the different circumstances people were left in, Natalie ended it with Ricky because he slept with Sam, Barry was left with no son and no wife, the baby was left with no father, Pat was left as the enemy and homeless because Roy dies and leaves the house to Barry, so the issue was shown well balanced because all the main characters feelings and circumstances were shown, many of the characters were feeling hurt. Overall I think this soap opera has shown adultery to be unpleasant because it shows just how many peoples lives are ruined not just the adultery committers, but people who try to help them understand what they are doing is wrong, but are then given the evil for not telling the truthful partner. So this teaches most viewers that adultery is not a good thing. I dont think that soap operas might affect peoples behaviour because mostly they deal with issues to express the circumstances of good and bad. This issue would not cause offence because although it is an issue, which is happening in everyday life it is not based on particular people.

Britannia Industries Problems

Britannia Industries Problems Britannia begins with the business producing electricity. Britannia mechanized its operations, and in 1921, it became the first company in Asia using imported gas ovens. Britannias business was growing. Britannia acquired a reputation for quality and value very fast. During the World War II, the Government rewarded Britannia by contracting it to supply service biscuits to Armed Forces. And therefore the company was incorporated in 1918 as Britannia Biscuits Co. Ltd. in Calcutta and in 1924, Peek Frean UK acquired a controlling stake in the company, which was later passed on to Associated Biscuits International UK (ABI). During the 1950s and 1960s, Britannia expanded its operations beyond Calcutta to Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. In the year 1978 company went for public issues and Indian shareholding crossed 60%, firmly establishing the Indian ness of the firm and formed Britannia Industries Limited (BIL). It crossed the Rs100 crores revenue mark in next four years (in 1983). In 1987, Nabisco acquired ABI. Then in 1989, JM Pillai, a Singapore-based non-resident Indian (NRI) businessman, and Grouped Danone acquired Asian operations of Nabisco and the controlling stake in Britannia. Later, Danone and Nusli Wadia took over Mr. Pillais holdings. Britannia has been jointly owned by Danone and Wadia Group since 1997. The two along with five other companies form a holding company called Associated Biscuits International Ltd., which owns a 51% share of Britannia. The remaining 49% share is held by the public and financial institutions. On the operations front, In 1997, the company unveiled its new corporate identity Eat Healthy, Think Better and made its first foray into the dairy products market. In 1999, the Britannia Khao, World Cup Jao promotion further fortified the affinity consumers Britannia emerged as one of Indias biggest brands in 21st century in the country. It is equally recognized for taking innovative approach to its products and unique marketing concepts: the Lagaan Match was voted Indias most successful promotional activity of the year 2001 while the delicious Britannia 50-50 Maska-Chaska became Indias most successful product launch. In 2002, Britannias New Business Division formed a joint venture with Fonterra, the worlds second largest Dairy Company, and Britannia New Zealand Foods Pvt. Ltd. was born. In recognition of its vision and accelerating graph, Forbes Global rated Britannia One amongst the Top 200 Small Companies of the World, and The Economic Times pegged Britannia Indias 2nd Most trusted brand. Having succeeded in garnering the trust of almost one-third of Indias one billion populations and a strong management at the helm means Britannia will continue to dream big on its path of innovation and quality. And millions of consumers will savor the results, happily ever after. Britannia puts a lot of emphasis on its primary biscuit brands including Tiger, Good Day, Marie, Milk Bikis, 50:50 and Treat. Biscuits make up more than 80% of the companys production bread, cakes and dairy constitute the remaining 20%. Its brands are considered to be an excellent value by Indias price-conscious consumers. BIL is the first company to introduce the several varieties of biscuits in India, such as 50:50, glucose biscuits for children, chocolate biscuits, butter biscuits and became the household name of the country. In fact some of these brands are bigger than several multinationals in the food business in India. The Tiger brand biscuit, one of the most well-known, is extremely popular among rural consumers with almost 50% of the brands value sales coming in from rural areas. Market of Britannia According to Euromonitor International, Britannia continues to have a strong presence in Indias bakery products industry. In 2001, the company had 18.9% market share for all bakery products; that number rose to 19.9% by 2004. As for the biscuit portion of the business, Britannia had 41.2% market share in 2001 and 43.6% in 2004 when Britannia was the national leader in biscuit sales. Currently Britannia Industries Ltd, accounts for about 38% in value and 32% in volume of the organized biscuits market in India. Bakery product sales increased from 13.9 billion Rupees (US$295.6 million) in 2001 to 17.2 billion Rupees (US$368.1 million) in 2004, a 7.6% compound annual growth rate. Biscuits made up 82% of Britannias bakery products value sales in 2001 and rose to 85% in 2004. Of Britannias total biscuit value sales, 82% are from sweet biscuits and 18% are from savory biscuits and crackers. In the companys baked foods category, 87% consist of bread products, 13% are cakes. The entire biscuit market is estimated to be around 1.1 million tones per annum, totaling to around Rs 50 billion. The biscuit segments enjoy the most developed markets for any item having mass consumption, It covers over 90% of the overall potential market. This means over 900 million Indians consumes biscuits, with varying frequency in a year. From the supply side the market is highly competitive, with many small scale manufactures and the organized large scale sectors. [Source http://www.superbrandsindia.com/images/superbrands_book_2004/britannia/index.htm] After the 1997 Britannia changed its strategies from product oriented to opportunity oriented. Earlier Britannia has narrow lined products mainly for kids but when the trends. Preferences and taste of common man changed Britannia also added number of varieties in its products and they in real sense used the opportunity in making the products, Britannia widen its product line which follows the STP. They served the products for all the categories of people, now biscuit is not only meant for guest but also for the individuals by introducing tiger biscuits in small packs. Britannia holds about 46% of market share (Note1) by value in the fiercely competitive market. Targeting the key consumers and and changing the products with opportunity has worked for the Britannia and thats why they are the leader in the biscuit range. Note 1 Source http://www.superbrandsindia.com/images/superbrands_book_2004/britannia/index.htm Product Portfolio of Britannia Britannias entire product offering derive their premium qualities from the principles of health and taste. This key premise has led to the evolution of a lifetime menu where Britannia product exists for every stage in a persons life. The highest consumption group for biscuit are children; here Britannia offers milk bikis with all the goodness of milk required by younger kids. While the tiger brand is aimed for 7-14 year olds and provides them with the exuberant health required by winners of tomorrow. Treat a range of delicious cream biscuit- is meant as a treat for children during fun times. A particularly notable success has been little hearts, meant for teenagers and kids, which has completely dispelled an erstwhile industry axiom that this target group did not snack on sweet biscuit. Moving on other age groups, Britannia created 50-50 as a biscuit snack for young adults. The savory time pass brand is targeted at the same age group as well, Britannia mariegold, is regared as a tea-time offering, packed with wheat energy with health conscious urban adults. Good day, a cookie filled with rich ingredients is a healthy everyday treat for entire family. Britannia has a range of cakes and bread entrenched in the bakery segment. These products allow the consumers a better interactions with the brand and maintains continuity of the taste with health promise. In 2004, the company was extremely active in rolling out new products. It introduced its Little Hearts brand, which are referred to as melt in the mouth biscuits. Little Hearts Orange (orange-flavored biscuits) and Classic retail for 10 Rupees. Britannia also added Blackcurrant Treat, Jam Treat, Good Day Gingernut and Good Day Choco-Nut to its growing biscuit line in 2004. For the bread and dairy markets, Britannia introduced NutriChoice vitamin-enriched bread and Milk Man low-fat cheese slices. There were no new product launches in 2005, instead the company worked on strengthening existing brands. It released Premium Assorted Exotic Creme Biscuits, which feature varieties of some of the most popular biscuits Pure Magic Chocolate, Pure Magic Vanilla, Pure Magic Strawberry Vanilla and Jam Treat. The pack retails for 100 Rupees. The company also reformulated its 50:50 Maska Chaska biscuits. Sourcing Strategy: Outsourcing Vs Manufacturing With only four plants located in the country, its hard to imagine how Britannia Industries Ltd. became one of the largest food companies in India. But thanks to the companys system of outsourcing a significant quantity of products, Britannia is able to offer more than 13 brands and more than 200 SKUs for its customers in India and around the world. The companys plants are located in Indias four major metropolitan cities Kolkata in eastern India, Chennai in southern India and Delhi and Uttaranchal in northern India. Combined, these facilities employ more than 4,300 people and yet only make 30% of the companys products. Sixty-one other contracted factories produce the remaining 70% of Britannias product line. Its a distributed manufacturing strategy in Britannia Industries Limited designed to optimize the delivered cost to the consumer. Outsourcing manufacturing is a model used by many other companies in India, both in the consumer packaged and durable goods segment in such companies Britannia Industries Limited and Hindustan Unilever limited are effectively using this strategy. The 61 factories contracted to produce Britannia products do not produce any other products at their locations. Certain brands and product varieties are made at particular facilities. Even though the contracted facilities are not owned by Britannia, they are monitored by company representatives to ensure quality control. For example in the northern region of India there are eight manufacturing units including Britannia Industries limited New Delhi, where Britannia has outsourced its manufacturing. And for the quality control there is a Quality Assurance Team guided by Quality Assurance Manager Mr. Dev Raj Dabas. A brief introduction of these eight is given below: French Foods Faridabad Gokul Foods Kanpur RKM Foods Kandrori BIL New Delhi Delta Foods Biscuits Gaziabad Delta Foods Cake Gaziabad JB Managaram Gawalior Super Snacks Gaziabad Britannia generally launches products that offer the company good returns, supporting these through brand building and leveraging on its nationwide supply chain. Sales and Distribution of Britannia Britannia two different kinds of distribution networks one is for dairy products and other one is Bakery products. Here distribution network of bakery products has been discussed. In Bakery products Britannia applies two kind of distribution system. These are given below: Mass Distribution Selective Distribution 1. Mass Distribution Britannia use to produce general FMCG products which are in form of packaged food and which need not to have very special kind of distribution strategy. Like other FMCG companies Britannia also use mass distribution system. Since all almost all the products of Britannia are of low price, repeat purchase items, and does not require much of effort from customer side. So ultimately these products are sold on mass distribution basis. Mass Distribution Structure of Britannia for Bakery Products: CF Distributor 1 Retailers Consumers Distributor 2 Distributor 3 Factory There are four CF of Britannia in NCR region: Mudka Bahadurgarh Bakoli Gaziabad Kundali- Sonipat 49 distributors are working under these four CF. The distribution network of Britannias products from top to bottom is given below: First of all stock is sent to these CF, and then this stock is sent to the various distribution canters of Britannia. All of these distribution centers do not contain products of any other brand. Now this supply of stock is based on full e-network. This system has been provided a particular terminology i.e. UDAAN PACKAGE. In this system the accountant who is in distribution center submits an online order to the CF. Then in CF the order for a particular distribution center is automatically generated and further fulfills by CF. Britannia has established these CF at very appropriate locations. As soon as there is a demand generated in any distribution centre These CF are able to fulfill the demand within four to six hours. So it is clear that CF provides quick delivery to the distribution centre. But in order to meet this demand the CF also has to keep some inventory with it. Now if we talk according to the distribution point of view we will find that Distribution Centre has to also make some inventory in order to meet any kind of scarcity or instant demand. According to Mr. Randhir Kumar, (Territory Sales Incharge, Britannia Industries Limited), the distribution center has to maintain inventory of three days. Now the distribution of stock from the distributor to retailer can be further explained by taking a distributor Keshav Enterprises. Keshav Enterprises is the distributor near Kishan Garh Vasant Kunj; handles 850-1000 outlets. The area which a distributor covers is also very large. E.g. Keshav Enterprises handles Munirka, R.K. Puram, South Moti Bagh, Vasant Kunj, Sataya Niketan, Mahipal Pur, Kapashera Border, Bijwasan, Nangal Dairy and Vasant Vihar. There are 49 such distributors of Britannia in Delhi. Under this distributor five sales men work and they cover the entire area which is mentioned above. Here the distribution is again divided into two parts i.e. distribution for General Shops Key Account Outlets (KAT) 1). General Shops Distribution to general shops is done by two sales men. They cover 30 to 40 outlets every day. Now the number of these outlets is not content, it varies time by time as they are not very loyal to the company and also does not contribute to very prominent sale. 2). Key Account Outlets (KAT) These outlets are covered by two sales men and they take order from these outlets biweekly. These sales men visit twenty to twenty five outlets every day. These outlets are very much loyal to the company and provide prominent business to the company. So from the sales point of view these outlets are very important. Now the stock is moved from distributor to the retailers. For selling the stock on the retail outlets there are two processes: Order Booking Ready Stock 1). Order Booking There are separate sales teams who perform this task. For example one sales team has to go for order booking. In this process the salesman first go to shop to shop and book the orders from there. On the other day or some times on the same day the delivery van goes every where in order to fulfill the orders. Now due to this method distributor not only gains the sales as well as looses the sale. Order booking process is done in Britannia on Biweekly or Weekly basis. Some times Order Booking and Ready Stock both the task are performed by the same sales man. Benefits of Order Booking In this process the distributor always remains in better position to forecast the demand. As the sales man has already an order list. This helps not only to the distributors but also to the CF as well as finally to the factory in order to make more realistic demand. Since the sales man does not have to do more but to book the order, it enables the sales man to search out the new opportunities in the market. It helps not only to the company but also to the sales man as sales man gets special rewards from the company side. Since during this process the sales man gets extra time in which he/she gets enough time to interact with the retailer which is again very important. Actually the retailer does not want only profit but also a better respect and courtesy from the salesman. So in such situations if the retailer is getting good time with the salesman, surely he will be more loyal to the company. Also during this period the sales man could increase the visibility of its products in the shelves of the shop keeper. Drawbacks of Order Booking Along with all these benefits there are some drawbacks also involved in this advance booking process. Some times sales man takes orders from the shopkeeper and assures him that the order will be fulfilled on next day. But during this period the sales man of other company comes and provides the same product at some discounts or with some schemes in this condition the shopkeeper takes the stock from that sales man. 2). Ready Stock In this process the sales man carry the team along with him which contain a delivery van, a driver, and one or two helpers. The sales man takes order from the shops and also places the order at the spot. There are following benefits and drawbacks of this method. Almost thirty to forty outlets are visited by this way. Benefits of Ready Stock The retailer gets stock on the spot without any delay. The sales man does not give a chance to the retailer to switch any other brand. The defected stock is replaced on the spot. Drawbacks of Ready Stock The sales man does not get enough time; he simply dumps the stock and moves from one store to another store. Even then he does not cover many retailers, as the delivery process takes a lot of time. What amount of stock should be carried by the sales man is also can not be predicted. The sales man moves to pre decided path and could not find new shops, so the market penetration by the sales man is also very rare in this case. 2. Selective Distribution Selective distribution is done for premium products of Britannia. There are eight SKUs, for which Britannia uses selective distribution. These brands are: Chochlor Intoxication Almond Addiction Chocolus Addiction These products are very costly and lie between the prices ranges of Rs. 150 to Rs. 200. Now these products are not supplied by the distribution centre but directly from CF. These distributions are done through the Merchandiser Team. Merchandiser Team is elaborated in further pages. Merchandiser takes order from these exclusive shops and transfers this order to the CF. Now CF sends the stock and the billing is done by the respective distribution centre. Selective Distribution Structure of Britannia for Bakery Products Exclusive Retail Outlet Exclusive Retail Outlet Exclusive Retail Outlet Exclusive Retail Outlet CF CF Factory The Challenges To compete effectively, Britannia found that it was essential to get sales people out in front of customers yet this isolated them from their ordering systems. Managers wanted to enable remote working to allow more time to be spent with customers, while providing easier access to ordering and production management tools. The Solution Use of ERP based solution in Supply Chain It is recommended that Britannia implement mySAP ERP applications for the high performance and highly scalable IBM technologies. The mySAP ERP software enables full access to companys inventory, production planning, sales order systems accessed through a simple Web browser and SAP client. The Benefits: Britannia can expect to achieve around 30 per cent lower database administration costs, with better technical performance leading to increased productivity . Sales team can complete orders quickly without waiting to return to the office; Britannia can provide information on pricing of the existing product and stock-availability in real time; lower software license fees for remote systems and reduced administrative and maintenance workload means a significant reduction in TCO. The ERP functions from the perspective of supply chain optimization are shown in following flowchart. Overall process optimization Expense optimization Revenue and Profit optimization Logistics optimization Knowledge optimization ERP optimization at various stages of supply chain The business value of the ERP system includes: Streamlined supply chain and accurate information. Reduced supply chain costs. Increased sales through accurate product availability. The following figure highlights IT components in ERP, IT infrastructure and resources in SCM. The SCM planning is the input for ERP. Operating system Data warehouse Retail Link Data, account, analysis Forecast Inventory plan ERP SCM Manufacturing planning Feedback S E R V E R S Intelligent Systems Internet ERP, IT Infrastructure and resources in SCM Key Solution Components Industry: Foods Applications: mySAPà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ ERP ECC 6.0 Hardware: IBM System p5à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ 570, p5-520, IBM System Storage ® DS4300à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, IBM TotalStorage ® 3580 tape drives Software: IBM AIX ® 5.3, IBM DB2 ®

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Justify Slavery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reparations are intended to make up for the unjustified actions of the past. By doing so, it punishes the people of today to make up for the actions from the people in the past. Should a person in today’s generation suffer for the actions of our ancestors? Should one collect special benefits for the suffering of their ancestors? By offering special benefits, would it solve or make up for the injustice of slavery? African Americans did suffer in the past from the injustice of slavery. Take in mind that it was the past, and the injustice of slavery does not affect African Americans in today’s day and time. White Americans in today’s day and time did not own or have anything to do with slavery. If one was to be punished or receive special benefits it should be the people that slavery directly affected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the history of the United States the American Indians were slaughtered, and are still collecting for the injustice actions of the past. America is still providing help, and handing out special benefits. American Indians receive special benefits such as land being put aside called reservations, allowed to put up casinos, and are able to receive scholarship funds for college with fewer qualifications. The experience that the American Indians went through was a lot worse than the experience that the African Americans faced. In both cases I believe that the people of today should not have to feel guilty for the actions of their ancestors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the Unites States developed reparations program for the injustice of slavery of African Americans it would create no good but only conflict. Two wrongs do not make a right. Punishing the people of today for the actions of the past creates reverse racism. It’s simply stating that because one is African American that he or she deserves special benefits. It forms racism towards other races. It is saying that just because one is not African American that they do not deserve to receive special treatment, and that they are not as good as African Americans. African Americans today were never slaves, nor were white Americans today slave owners. African Americans have recovered from slavery, and do not need any extra help. It is more satisfying to accomplish something on ones own.

Leading Marines Essay

As we know leading Marines is the most important part of the Marine Corp. There are eleven leadership principles, and fourteen leadership traits a great leader demonstrates. These traits &principles help you suppress the leaders that came before us. Everyone has their own style of leadership though. Great leaders must embrace the ethos; Respect and follow the foundations. Accept the challenges he or she will face ahead. A Marine lives by his or her ethos. It’s what makes us a different breed. We are bred to better than the rest. Ethos consists of being a rifleman, carrying on traditions, and does what it takes to get the mission accomplished. Henry Hank Elrod demonstrated prime ethos during the Chosin Reservoir. Elrod lead a platoon in heroic defense for fifteen days. His platoon also demonstrated good ethos for showing the willingness to obey, and determined to follow orders. Also they upheld pride and confidence at all times during the rough times. Leading by these ethos isn’t about the rank you wear, but what’s in your heart. Leaders have to set the example by respecting and following the foundations of the Corp. These foundations are unique. It is putting forth the everyday principles we learned in boot camp, living by a higher standard than everybody else. A good leader is always learning, and uses ethical decision making. Leaders must have respect of their followers, or their words are meaningless. Followship is just as important as the leadership, to have followers as leader a Corporal once said it best,† Strive to create discipline in yourself and your Marines. † Marine leaders go through some of the toughest challenges, whether in combat or garrison. These challenges include: Physical, Mental, and Moral. The biggest type of challenge a leader can face is friction between Marines. Keeping everybody happy is virtually impossible, but as a leader you must try. A physical challenge is keeping combat ready and or not letting body get out of standards. â€Å"Guts and pride cannot replace physical fitness. † Mental challenges as a leader is a huge part in developing to even better leader. Making the right mental decisions can keep your Marines out harm’s way. The moral challenge is the one where a leader has to look within to see the answer. Keeping up with moral is defined by little moments that reflect a leader’s standards. In all being a Marine Corps’ leader is the most sought after, and respected job. A great leader keeps up with his or her ethos, foundations, and is up to the challenges. In the end it’s all about the relationship and the bond which cannot be broken. Leaders teach from history. Just remember the traits and principles that were set fort; â€Å"Marines are not born knowing them, but must learn what they are, and what they represent. †

Almost, But Not Quite

Almost, But Not Quite One of the most popular features on this site has been the list of false friends, those words that look the same or almost the same as English words but have different meanings. However, such words arent the only dangerous ones for those who believe (usually correctly) that knowing English gives them a head start on Spanish vocabulary. For there also are a number of words that might be called fickle friends, words that are roughly synonymous with English words but have a different connotation, or that are synonymous some of the time but not always. These words can be confusing to anyone with a knowledge of English who is speaking Spanish as a second language. (Although technically not accurate, false friends are often referred to as false cognates. Presumably, that would make fickle friends known as partial cognates.) To take an extreme example of a fickle friend, one so extreme it is on the list of false friends, look at molestar, which is related to the English verb to molest. In English, the verb can mean to bother, which is its Spanish meaning, as in the sentence they continued on their journey unmolested. But far more often, almost always, the English word has a sexual connotation that is absent in Spanish. Many of the words on the following list are something like that, in that they have a meaning similar to an English one but often mean something different. Translating them as the English cognates may make sense some of the time but frequently it wont. Accià ³n: It is usually synonymous with action in its various meanings. But to a stock broker it can also mean a share, and to an artist it can be posture or pose. Adecuado: This word can mean adequate in the sense of being appropriate. But adequate can have a negative connotation that adecuado doesnt. Its usually better to translade adecuado as suitable or fitting. Admirar: It can mean to admire. But it frequently means to surprise or to astonish. Afeccià ³n: Once in a while, this word does refer to a fondness toward somebody or something. But far more commonly it refers to a disease or some other sort of medical condition. Better words for affection are another cognate, afecto, and a separate word, carià ±o. Agonà ­a: Nobody wants to be in agony, but the Spanish agonà ­a is much worse, usually suggesting that someone is in the final stages of death. Americano: The understanding of this word varies from place to place. If youre from the United States, its safest to say soy de los Estados Unidos. Aparente: It can mean the same as the English apparent. However, the Spanish usually carries a strong implication that things arent what they appear to be. Thus, aparentemente fue a la tienda would usually be understood not as he apparently went to the store but as it appeared like he had gone to the store but he didnt. Aplicar: Yes, this word does mean apply, as in applying an ointment or a theory. But if youre applying for a job, use solicitar (although there is some regional usage of aplicar). Similarly, an application for a job or something else you would apply for is a solicitud. Apologà ­a: The Spanish word doesnt have anything to do with saying youre sorry. But it is synonymous with the English word apology only when it means a defense, as in a defense of the faith. An apology in the usual sense of the word is excusa or disculpa. Arena: In sports, arena can refer to an arena. But it is more commonly used as the word for sand. Argumento: This word and its verb form, argumenta r, refer to the type of argument a lawyer might make. It can also refer to the theme of a book, play or similar work. On the other hand, a quarrel could be a discusià ³n or disputa. Balance, balanceo, balancear: Although these words can sometimes be translated as balance, they most often refer to a swinging or oscillation. Words with meanings more closely related to the English balance include balanza, equilibrio, saldo, equilibrar, contrapesar  and saldar. Cndido: Although this word can mean frank, it more often means naively innocent. Colegio: The Spanish word can refer to almost any school, not just ones that provide university-level classes. Collar: This word is used when referring to the collar a pet (such as a dog) might wear, and it also can refer to a ringlike mechanical item known as a collar. But the collar of a shirt, jacket or similar type of apparel is a cuello (the word for neck). Collar can also refer to a necklace or similar item worn around the neck. Conducir: It can mean to conduct or (in the reflexive form conducirse) to conduct oneself. But it more often means to drive or to transport. For that reason, a conductor on a train (or other veh icle) is the person in the driving seat, not someone who handles tickets. Confidencia: Its meaning is related to the English meaning of confidence as a secret. If youre referring to trust in someone, confianza would be more appropriate. Criatura: Most commonly it means creature or being, including humans. But it is also commonly used to refer to babies and even to fetuses. Debate: This word often does refer to a debate, particularly one in a legislative body. But it also frequently refers to a discussion, one that doesnt have to include opposing viewpoints. Defraudar: This verb doesnt have to imply wrongdoing. Although it can mean to defraud, it more often means to disappoint. Demandar: As a legal term only, demandar and the noun form, la demanda, are similar to the English demand. But to demand something in a less formal situation, use exigir or exigencia. Direccià ³n: It usually means direction in most of the ways it is used in English. But it is also the most common way of referring to a postal or email address. Discusià ³n: The Spanish word often ca rries the connotation that a discussion has become heated. Alternatives include conversacià ³n and debate (which doesnt have to refer to a formal debate). En efecto: This phrase can mean in effect. But it also can mean in fact, not quite the same thing. Estupor: In medical usage, this word refers to a stupor. But in everyday meaning it refers to a state of amazement or astonishment. Usually the context will make clear what meaning is meant. Etiqueta: It can refer to etiquette and the requirements of formality. However, it also frequently means tag or label. The verb form, etiquetar, means to label. Excitado: This adjective can be synonymous with excited, but a closer equivalent is aroused - which doesnt necessarily have to do with sexual overtones but usually does. Better translations of excited include emocionado and agitado. Experimentar: This is what scientists and other people do when theyre trying something out. However, the word also often means to suffer or to experience. Familiar: In Spanish, the adjective is more closely connected with the meaning of family than in English. Often a better word to use for something youre fami liar with is conocido (known) or comà ºn (common). Habitual: The word often does mean habitual and it is a common translation for the English word. But it can refer to something that is normal, typical or customary. Hindà º: Hindà º can refer to a Hindu, but it can also refer to someone from India regardless of the persons religion. Someone from India can also be called an indio, a word also used to refer to indigenous people of North and South America. An American Indian is also often called an indà ­gena (a word both masculine and feminine). Historia: This word is obviously related to the English word history, but it is also similar to story. It can mean either one. Honesto: It can mean honest. But honesto and its negative form, deshonesto, more often have sexual overtones, meaning chaste and lewd or slutty, respectively. Better words for honest are honrado and sincero. Intentar: Like the English cognate, it can mean to plan or want to do something. But it also is frequently used to indicate more than a mental state, referring to an actual attempt. It thus is often a good translation for to try. Intoxicado, intoxicar: These words refer to almost any kind of poisoning. To refer specifically to the symptoms of alcohol poisoning, use borracho or any number of slang terms. Introducir: This verb can be translated as, among other things, to introduce in the sense of to bring in, to begin, to put or to place. For example, se introduce la ley en 1998, the law was introduced (put in effect) in 1998. But its not the verb to use to introduce someone. For that purpose, use presentar. Marcar: While it usually means to mark in some way, it also can mean to dial a telephone, to score in a game, and to notice. Marca is most often brand (with origins similar to the English trademark), while marco can be a window frame or picture frame. Miserà ­a: In Spanish, the word more often carries the connotation of extreme poverty than does the English misery. Notorio: Like the English notorious, it means well-known, but in Spanish it usually doesnt have the negative connotation. Opaco: It can mean opaque, but it can also mean dark or gloomy. Oracià ³n: Like the English oration, an oracià ³n can refer to a speech. But it also can refer to a prayer or a sentence (in the grammatical sense). Oscuro: It can mean obscure, but it more often means dark. Parientes: All of ones relatives are parientes in Spanish, not just parents. To refer to parents specifically, use padres. Peticià ³n: In English, petition as a noun most often means a list of names or a legal demand of some sort. Peticià ³n (among other words) can be used as a Spanish translation in such cases, but most often peticià ³n refers to almost any kind of request. Pimienta, pimiento: Although the English words pimento and pimiento come from the Spanish words pimienta and pimiento, they arent all interchangeable. Depending on region and speaker, the English terms can refer to allspice (malageta in Spanish) or a type of sweet garden pepper known as pimiento morrà ³n. Standing alone, both pimiento and pimienta are general words meaning pepper. More specifically, pimienta usually refers to a black or white pepper, while pimiento refers to a red or green pepper. Unless the context is clear, Spanish usually uses these words as part of a phrase such as pimiento de Padrà ³na (a type of small green pepper) or pimienta negra (black pepper). Preservativo: You might find yourself embarrassed if you go to a store and ask for one of these, because you could end up with a condom (sometimes referred to as a condà ³n in Spanish). If you want a preservative, ask for a conservante (although the word preservativo is also used at times). Probar: It can mean to probe or to test. But it is frequently used to mean to taste or to try on clothes. Profundo: It can have some of the meanings of the English profound. But it more often means deep. Propaganda: The Spanish word can have the negative implications of the English word, but it often doesnt, simply meaning advertising. Punto: Point often works as a translation of this word, but it also has a variety of other meanings such as dot, period, a type of stitch, belt hole, cog, opportunity, and taxi stand. Real, realismo: Real and realism are the obvious meanings, but these words also can mean royal and regalism. Similarly, a realista can be either a realist or a royalist. Fortunately, realidad is reality; to say royalty, use realeza.Relativo: As an adjective, relativo and relative are often synonymous. But there is no Spanish noun relativo corresponding to the English relative when it refers to a family member. In that case, use pariente.Rentar: In some areas of Latin America, rentar can indeed mean to rent. But it also has a more common meaning, to yield a profit. Similarly, the most common meaning of rentable is profitable.Rodeo: In the right context, it can mean rodeo, although there are differences between the typical rodeos of the United States and of Mexico. But it can also mean an encirclement, a stockyard, or an indirect path. Figuratively, it also can mean an evasive reply, a beating around the bush.Rumor: When used in a figurative sense, it indeed does mean rumor. But it als o often means a low, soft sound of voices, commonly translated as murmurring, or any soft, vague sound, such as the gurgling of a creek. Soportar: Although it can be translated as to support in some usages, it often is better translated as to tolerate or to endure. Some of the verbs that are better used to mean to support include sostener or aguantar in the sense of supporting weight, and apoyar or ayudar in the sense of supporting a friend.Suburbio: Both suburbs and suburbios can refer to areas outside a city proper, but in Spanish the word usually has a negative connotation, referring to slums. A more neutral word to refer to suburbs is las afueras.Tà ­pico: This word usually does mean typical, but it doesnt have the negative connotation that the English word often has. Also, tà ­pico often means something along the lines of traditional or having the characteristics of the local area. Thus if you see a restaurant offering comidas tà ­picas, expect food that is characteristic for the region, not merely typical food.Tortilla: In Spanish, the word can refer not only to a tortilla but also to an omelet.Último: Alt hough something that is the best can be referred to as lo à ºltimo, the word more commonly means last or most recent. Vicioso: Although this word is sometimes translated as vicious, it more often means depraved or simply faulty.Violar, violador: These words and words related to them have a sexual connotation more often than they do in English. While in English a violator may simply be someone who drives too fast, in Spanish a violador is a rapist.

Whats the Minimum SAT Score for College

What's the Minimum SAT Score for College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Preparing for college applications can feel confusing, overwhelming, and demanding. If you’re nervous about the SAT (or college admissions in general), you may be worried about how low of a test score you can afford to get if you still want a shot at college. You might even be wondering how low of a score on the SAT is even possible. In this article I’ll discuss the lowest possible SAT score and why it’s unlikely to happen to you. I’ll also provide advice on determining the lowest SAT score you can get and still have a reasonable chance at a given school, and what that means in terms of choosing which schools to apply for and what score to aim for.Finally, I’ll discuss some things you can do if your score seems too low for any of the colleges you want to attend. What's the Lowest SAT Score You Can Get? The revised SAT is out of 1600 points. The Math section is worth up to 800 points, and the Reading and Writing tests combine into the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section for the other 800 possible points. The lowest possible score on either section is 200 points. So if you got 200 points on Math and 200 on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, you’d have 400 points. So the minimum SAT score is 400. For reference, an average score would be around 1000. 400 is the score you would get if you answered zero questions correctly on any of the tests, or if you just left your entire test blank and took a nap. Getting the lowest possible score is not a common occurrence! In previous years fewer people have gotten the lowest possible score in the SAT than have received perfect scores, so it is highly unlikely to happen to you. (Unless you really do leave every question blank, in which case it will definitely happen to you, sorry.) Cute dog. Terrible test-taking strategy. What SAT Score Would You Get if You Guessed Completely Randomly? To underscore how unlikely it is that you would get a 400 making a good faith effort on the SAT, let’s consider the approximate score you would be likely to get if you guessed completely randomly on every question. Multiple-choice questions on the SAT have 4 answer choices, so you have a 25% chance of guessing the correct answer. On the Math free-response questions, known as grid-ins, your chance of randomly guessing the correct answer is low enough that I’m going to round down to 0% and assume if you randomly guessed on those you would get them wrong. The Reading test has 52 questions. Guessing randomly, you could expect to get (.25) x 52 of them correct. That works out to 13. The Writing test has 44 questions. Guessing randomly, you could expect to get 11 of them correct (.25 x 44 = 11). The Math test has 45 multiple choice and 13 grid-ins. Assuming you get 0 points on the grid-ins, you could expect to get (.25) x 45 questions correct, which is about 11. We’ll based our approximate score calculations on theSample Scoring Guide for Practice Test 1. According to this sample scoring guide, 13 correct questions on Reading gives you a â€Å"Reading Test Score† of 19 (out of 40). 11 points on Writing gives you a â€Å"Writing Test Score† of 16 out of 40.Adding up the 19 on Reading and 11 on Writing gives you a 30 out of 80. If we multiply that by 10 we get 300 for the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section score, which is a good margin above the minimum of 200.For Math, 11 correct answers would give you a Math section score of approximately 340; well above the minimum of 200. If we add together the 340 from Math and the 300 from Evidence-Based Reading and Writing we get 640. Even guessing completely randomly and leaving all grid-ins blank, you would get over 200 points higher than the minimumSAT score. Random guessing: another dubious strategy. What's the Lowest SAT Score You Can Have and Still Get Into College? Beyond the lowest possible score, you may want to know what is the minimum SAT score for college admissions.The answer to that is that it depends- mostly on the college in question, but also to a certain extent on your other qualifications. In general, the more selective a school is, the higher your SAT scores will need to be for you to have a chance at admission. For a top-tier school like Harvard or MIT, you’ll need to break 1400 for a shot (and that would be a pretty low-end score for a selective school). For a selective public institution like University of Michigan, you’ll want to hit at least 1300. Less selective public institutions, as well as many small liberal arts colleges, regularly accept applicants in the 950-1050 range. (Note: these score numbers are based off the middle 50% of admitted students for these schools, converted from the old 2400-point SAT scale). Public universities in your state may also accept residents with scores on the lower end of the scale depending on their policies and your other qualifications. For example, for Texas residents, UT Austin guarantees admission to anyone in the top 7% of their graduating high school class, and there are other public Texas universities that assure admission for the top 10%. You may still need to submit test scores for these schools for placement purposes, but low scores won’t keep you from being admitted. Another thing to note is that specialty schools like art schools and music conservatories also often have lower SAT score expectations for their applicants, because student applications are much more heavily weighted towards things like portfolios and performance tapes. The truth is that it’s difficult to pinpoint the absolute lowest score you can get and still have a chance at a particular school because colleges and universities generally admit candidates along a range of test scores. However, you can get an idea. On their admissions websites, most schools provide the test score range for the 25th-75th percentiles of their own admitted student pool- the â€Å"middle 50%.† This is a reliable way to get a decent idea of what kind of score you need to get to be a viable candidate for admission. I would say a score a little below the 25th percentile (think 10 points) is the lowest score you can get and reasonably expect to have any sort of a chance at admission- and even with other strong parts in your application, that score would make the school a reach for you. By contrast, if your score is decently (50+) above the 75th percentile mark, you’re in a great position. Sample Middle 50% Ranges and Low/High Scores Low Score Middle 50% High Score 980 990-1190 1240 1120 1130 - 1260 1310 1190 1200-1360 1410 1290 1300-1430 1480 1310 1320-1470 1520 1360 1370-1520 1570 1390 1400-1580 1600 1420 1430-1590 1600 You might be thinking: if I have a score that’s just below the 25th percentile, doesn’t that mean that people with lower scores than me probably got in? Yes, it does. But there are always outliers- people who had other specific qualifications or strengths that the college was looking for in particular. No doubt you also have unique strengths and talents that you should emphasize in college applications! And if your dream school’s middle 50% is 1100-1300 and your score is 1020, by all means apply to it as a reach school, understanding that the rest of your application will need to be truly stellar for you to have a chance. You should never assume that you are going to be one of the outliers who gets in with an SAT score at the lowest conceivable end of the admit range. That’s why it’s important to apply to a variety of schools, where your score falls in different places relative to the middle 50% of admitted students. Buthow do you go about choosing schools to apply to based on your SAT score? The only choice more significant than where to apply to college is what gelato flavor to enjoy. Choosing Schools to Apply to Based on Your SAT Scores If you’re picking schools to apply to based on an SAT score, you’ll want some that are safety schools, some that are match schools, and some that are reach schools. What does this mean? Well, in general, a safety school is one where you exceed the usual criteria for admission, a match school is one where you meet the usual criteria for admission, and a reach school is one where you fall just under the usual criteria for admission. In terms of test scores and the middle 50% range, a safety school is one where your score well exceeds the middle 50% range (think 50+ points), a match school is one where you fall in within the middle 50%, preferably in the higher end, or just above, and a reach school is one where you fall in the bottom end or just below the middle 50%. Note that even if you got a perfect 1600, highly selective schools like Stanford, the Ivies, etc, are reach schools for everyone simply because admission is so competitive. Let’s go through an example. Say Lupita got a 1290 on her SAT. How should she consider her chances at the following schools she is interested in? Boston College – middle 50% range: 1300-1430 As Lupita’s score is just below the bottom of the mid-50% range for Boston College, we would consider this a reach school. She certainly has a shot at getting in, particularly if her other qualifications are on par with the school’s admits, but her scores would put her in the bottom 25% of admitted students. SUNY-Binghampton – middle 50% range: 1200 - 1360 With a 1290, Lupita is in the higher end of the middle 50% for this school. Assuming her other qualifications (GPA, etc) are similarly placed relative to other admits, this is a good match school for her. SUNY-Albany – middle 50% range: 1090-1240 With a score 50 points above this middle 50% range for SUNY-Albany, Lupita has a great chance of getting in (again, with the caveat that her other qualifications are similarly positioned). This is a good safety school for her. The University of Portland – middle 50% range of 1110-1280 Lupita’s score of 1290 is just 10 points above the middle 50% range for this school. Her score isn’t really high enough to consider the University of Portland a safety school, but this makes it a strong match for Lupita. Of course, there are other factors than test scores in choosing safety, match, and reach schools. Schools also usually provide information about the GPA and class ranks of their admitted students, so you’ll want to consider those factors as well. If you’re on the low end of the middle 50% in test scores, but way on the high end for GPA and class rank, it could be a match school.Unique talents or other interesting qualifications can also go a long way towards mitigating a test score that’s a little on the low end for a particular school. But what if you already have schools in mind, and you haven’t taken the SAT yet? How should you determine what score to aim for? Targets: not just for darts. Choosing a Goal SAT Score Based on Your Dream Schools If you haven’t taken the SAT yet, but you have some schools in mind, you can set a goal score for the SAT. The ideal target score is the highest 75th percentile score for the middle 50% of all the schools you are interested in. This way even if you fall a little short, you’ll still have a great shot at most of the schools on your list. First, you’ll want to make a list of the schools you are considering. Then,look up the middle 50% range of each of the remaining schools on your list. Write down the top number of the middle 50% - the 75th percentile - for each school. You can do this for total score, by section, or both- whatever is most useful for you. There are a couple caveats here: Since the new SAT was just rolled out, all middle 50% scores will be on the old 2400-point scale. You can convert the composite score to get a decent estimate(multiply it by 1600 and then divide that by 2400) but for section scores you can just ignore the writing section, or average critical reading and writing. Next year the data will be on the 1600-point scale and things will be simpler. Also, some schools don’t report all subscores and only resport total scores; this is just something be aware of. Finally, find the highest score in the list of 75th percentile scores. That’s your goal score!Let’s do an example. Say Diego is interested in the following schools: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University Purdue University University of Chicago Notre Dame University Now we fill out our middle 50% table. (I’ve already converted scores to the 1600-point scale where necessary, and schools where reading and math subscores weren’t reported- in this case, all of them- get an n/a in those columns). Sample Chart: Diego's Target Score Name of College/ University SAT Reading 25th SAT Reading 75th SAT Math 25th SAT Math 75th SAT Composite 25th SAT Composite 75th University of Illinois (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1320 1470 Indiana University (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1100 1290 Purdue University (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1090 1300 University of Chicago (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1450 1550 Notre Dame (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) (n/a) 1400 1530 Target Score: 1550 So, based on his list of schools, Diego’s goal score should be a 1550. If he can score (or beat!) a 1550, he’ll be in a great position. But even if he falls a little short and gets a 1530 or 1540, he'll be in a great position for most of the schools he is interested in. Diego climbing SAT mountain. You may want to use the following table to make your own list: Name of College/ University SAT Reading 25th SAT Reading 75th SAT Math 25th SAT Math 75th SAT Composite 25th SAT Composite 75th Target Score: This method will allow you to calculate a goal SAT score based on schools you are interested in.But what if you take the SAT and when your scores get back, it looks like every school you are interested in is a reach? What should you do then? Based on my SAT Score, Every School I'm Interested in Is a Reach! If you get your SAT scores back and they are a lot lower than you were aiming for, you may be concerned that every school you’re interested in is a reach. Here are seven strategies you could use to address this dilemma. Are you this kitty, stranded halfway up? Don't worry! Prep for the SAT and Take It Again You may have simply been been underprepared for the SAT. In this case, you will need to prepare rigorously and take it again. You might try a targeted, personalized test-prep program like ours, working with prep books (see this article for a guide to the best prep books for the revised SAT), and/or the College Board + Khan Academy SAT practice program. See our guide to the pros and cons of all prep methods. If you have a few months left before your college deadlines, taking the test again is probably your best bet. Take the ACT Instead The ACT and the SAT used to be quite different- enough that students would perform very differently on them. This isn’t as true anymore because the revised SAT is very similar to the ACT. However, if you are particularly scientifically literate, the fact that the ACT has an entire Science section score could help you. Other more minor differences may help you get a slightly higher score on the ACT if you are just hoping for a little boost. Evaluate if You Need Testing Accommodations If you feel you have underperformed on your SAT because you have a medical condition, learning disability, or psychiatric disorder, you may qualify for special testing accommodations. Especially if you are on an IEP or a 504 plan at your school, it is likely that you are both eligible for and would benefit from test accommodations. Bear in mind that this a time-consuming process so you need to request them early! Adjust Your Expectations If you score is too low for all the colleges on your list, look at some less selective colleges. 1350 may be too low for Johns Hopkins, but it’s a solid score for Boston University. There’s a huge universe of colleges out there, and there are probably less selective schools that have the things you are looking for. Apply to Schools That Accept Alternate Scores Some schools will accept AP Exam Scores or SAT Subject Test Scores in lieu of more traditional SAT or ACT exam scores. If you’ve already performed well on AP exams or you feel you could do well on particular Subject Tests, this could be a good strategy for you.Examples of schools that accept alternate tests include: Colorado College- Accepts various combinations of AP, IB, and SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the ACT/SAT. Colby College - Accepts 3 SAT Subject Tests in lieu of ACT/SAT. Middlebury College - Accepts 3 SAT Subject Tests in lieu of ACT/SAT. Hamilton College - Accepts various combinations of AP, IB, and SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the ACT/SAT. New York University - Accepts various combinations of AP, IB, and SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the ACT/SAT. See a more comprehensive list of test-optional and test-flexiblecolleges. Alternate testing schools are so alternative. Apply to Test-Optional Schools Still other colleges have implemented test-optional admissions. This means that, while you can send standardized test scores as a bonus or qualification with your application, they are not required. In this case, your GPA, course records, essay, recommendation letters, and other application materials will be the determining factors in your admission- not your test scores. Though a fairly newfangled notion in college admissions, several high-quality schools have implemented test-optional policies. This seems eminently reasonable in light of the fact that there are some courses of study where you may not take hardly any tests, and certainly not many long, grueling, marathon-style standardized ones. Test-optional schools are a particularly good strategy for applicants who are good students but poor standardized test takers. Schools that are test-optional include: Wake-Forest University, NC Bates College, Maine Wesleyan University, CT Bowdoin College, Maine American University, Washington DC Mt. Holyoke College, MA (women’s college) Sarah Lawrence College, NY (women’s college) Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania (women’s college) Smith College, MA (women’s college) See a more comprehensive list of test-optional and test-deemphazised colleges at Fairtest.org. Go to Community College Maybe your score is low enough that even if you lower your expectations, you’re worried there aren’t any schools that will accept you. But you can still pursue higher education! Most local community colleges are open to anyone in the area with a high school diploma or GED. You can start taking classes at a community college and then transfer to a 4-year university upon completion of your associate’s degree; your most recent transcripts in this case will be much more important than your standardized test scores. With these strategies, you’ll be sure to find a college solution that works for you even if your test scores don’t seem stellar. Key Takeaways The lowest possible SAT score is 400 on a 1600-point scale, but you’re very unlikely to get this score unless you leave every question on the test blank. How low your score can be for college applications depends on what colleges you are applying to. More selective schools will expect higher scores, while many local public universities and small liberal arts schools will accept scores on the lower end of the scale. There are colleges that accept low SAT scores. Based on your scores, you should select safety, match, and reach schools to apply to. If you haven’t taken the SAT yet, you can also figure out a goal score based on schools you are already interested in. If your score seems too low for any school you’re interested in, there are several things you could do: Retake the SAT Take the ACT Figure out if you need testing accommodations Apply to less selective schools Apply to test-alternative or test-optional schools Go to community college (a great option if you are worried that your scores are too low, period.) So what is the minimum SAT score for college? My final answer is that there’s really no SAT score too low for higher education- you may just need to take an alternative path to get there! There are lots of ways to get where you want to go! What's Next? Struggling with a low SAT score? We've got some tips on improving lower section scores forReading, Writing, and Math. If you have low standardized test scores but a high GPA, here are some prep strategies specifically for you. Looking for colleges? Here are colleges with guaranteed admissions thresholds for certain test scores.Or see our guide to researching colleges. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

buy custom Television and the American Society essay

buy custom Television and the American Society essay The development of the modern day television has been tremendous over the past century and even beyond. This is attributed to the remarkable contributions of many individuals across several continents of the world. The modern television as it is seen today has evolved over a long period of time from its original primitive forms to transform to the current versions and models. The innovations over the years have seen a decrease in size and the introduction of the color television. Most recently, the introduction of LED High resolution television has been experienced not only over America but also the whole world. The television serves as a key source of entertainment, education, marketing and business. The TV, as it is normally referred to, has bore many names ranging from the boob tube, the electric box, telly, the eye and the small screen. In the modern day America, it is nearly impossible to imagine homes without television as it has become an integral component of peoples lives. I t is a technological resource that brings the world closer to homes and institutions at large. It has been established that most Americans spend their leisure time watching television as compared to those who participate in engaging activities such as reading or exploration. This term paper will explore the major developments that have occurred with the invention of television and the continuous innovation of the initial models. Furthermore, the effects of television in the contemporary American society will be explored in the presentation. With this regard, the history of television will extensively be focused on. Invention of television It is impossible to discuss on the invention of the television and fail to mention the legendary Philo T. Farnsworth, the great American inventor of television. The invention of television began as an inquisitive idea of transmitting images electronically. The idea has gradually led to the development of our modern day television. Literature has widely shown that Farnsworth had a rough idea of inventing television when he was just 14 years. However, this was not fully realized until he was 21 years old. Initially, Farnsworth assembled camera-like glass tubes which would reflect light and eventually images. This simple idea acted as a massive stepping stone towards the invention of what we regard as television today. In 1927, the young scientist produced the first ever television transmission using a smoky glass slide, light projectors and a camera tube. Though this was an achievement then, the light and heat from this primitive form of television was too much for anyone to endure. Pr ogressively, Farnsworth revised his original model and by 1931, clearer electrical images were transmitted although the heat has negligibly subdued. The inventor of television has noble reasons to keep pursuing his invention, the key being education. According to Farnsworth, television was an ideal tool of teaching young children. In addition, it would also enable interested adults to learn new concepts and ideas alongside the young ones. Being a great scholar himself, Farnsworth did not entertain the idea of illiteracy and ignorance. For him, there was no excuse for the two arguing that it was the probable cause of peoples problems and inadequacies in a competitive society. Furthermore, television for him was a resource of seeing events, whether news or sports in a closer outlook. It should be noted that Farnsworth did not produce his television system commercially but instead focused on improving his idea over time. Established in1929, the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation faced a great deal of problems largely attributed to financial constraints and competition from prominent rivals such as the Radio Corporation of A merica (RCA). This over the years impounded Farnsworths ability to transform his noble invention into a most likely television dynasty. Just recently in 2010, the Farnsworth TV factory in Indiana was destroyed, leading to the loss of key inventions of the pioneer, Farnsworth. However, this does not demean the fact that Philo T. Farnsworth is a force to reckon with when it comes to the modern day television we enjoy presently. The revolution of the television There have been tremendous improvements on the original form of television invented by Philo Farnsworth. This has been la contribution of various individuals whose efforts have seen change at its best. These milestones have been extensively discussed, marking the key developments. Development of the color television Based on the firm foundation lay by the pioneer Farnsworth, innovations, that is the modifications of the original idea, led to the achievement of the much fascinated color television. In 1940, a scientist named Peter Goldmark invented the first color television. Though an achievement, the piece was mechanical and bulky, requiring considerable technical knowhow to operate. Over time, black and white television sets lost popularity with majority of the population preferrig the color television sets. However, through the 1950s the number of color television sets ranged in only a few millions in America. Currently, the trend has been reversed and it is usually uncommon to spot the black and white sets in homes or institutions. With such progression though, it was not until 1951 that color broadcasting was launched in the USA. The introduction of video The development of the television has recorded other developments such as the introduction of video-cassette recorders. Individuals were enabled to watch movies and replay programmes at their own comfort and pleasure. The growth of the movie industry in America will be solely attributed to the development of the television. Clearly, without television it would take another invention to enjoy what creativity has to offer in America. Entertainment has been largely revolutionized, thanks to an invention made a century ago. The young generation has also been indulged in video board games which is a major source of entertainment. Similarly, this has been a source of entertainment, although widely regarded as passive. Development of Cable television It was not until 1948 that cable television was discovered. This is attributed to John Walson and Margaret Walson who paired their achievement with the sale and distribution of television sets. Initially, the transmission of television stations was limited to mountainous regions which tend to be isolated. This was due to the fact that boosters were mounted in high places so that network stations are projected to potential customers. Seemingly, the idea of cable television earned its popularity, rising to up to eighty thousand viewers and subscribers in New York alone by 1971. Largely the cable networks focused on popular sports such as hockey and basketball. Currently, there are hundreds of network stations providing services ranging from news, sports, weather and childrens programming. The once used large boosters and antennas have been eliminated paving way for the portable modems and decoders which are not only accessible but also convenient for the engaged subscribers. In America , it is an undeniable fact that John Walson is the father of cable television network. Through him, millions have enjoyed television not only through clearer perceptions but also through a variety of programmes to enjoy. Impact of television on politics The influence the television has played in American politics cannot be ignored. The Democrat candidate, John F. Kennedy entry into presidency was largely attributed to the television. Presidential debates were broadcasted through television and radio, allowing more people to listen to candidates whilst making their decisions. For the first time, in 1960, candidates could be seen at the comfort of ones living room. This was an achievement to reckon with, consequently, the success of John F. Kennedy in 1960 has not only been linked to his poise but also to the great role television has played in politics. It is only in the 1980s that television was fully exploited by politicians. The politicians used television to place themselves as positive candidates, a case in point being the case of the former president, Ronald Reagan. He well utilized the coverage on television, portraying himself as a positive candidate and a potential president of U.S.A. Like his predecessor Kennedy, Reagan uti lized for the power of television to rise to power. In the contemporary American society, modern day politics has been marked with considerable television airtime. News coverage, political rallies and public debates are televised and a marvel is the ability to be seen globally. Based on the platform television offers not only to politics but also politicians, the electorate is enabled to listen and decide based on their judgment. Politicians are able to be engaged in question and answer sessions from interested individuals in any state of America, conveniently convincing them on the items of agenda. The mentioned leaders among others even in lower hierarchies continuously attribute their success and popularity to the media and most especially to television. With the computer age at hand, focus has been on computer innovation but the television still remains the earliest yet remarkable achievement to be passed over the years. It will be surely enjoyed by subsequent generations to come. Impact of television on entertainment Over the years, Americans have been spoilt with a wide variety of television network stations. Television programmes range from variety shows, reality shows, sports, comedy, drama, newscasts, childrens television networks and educational features. Between 1950 and 1955, it was estimated that sixty million viewers tuned in on daily basis for entertainment. During this era, theatre accounted for majority of the programmes aired on television. The enthusiasm on television screens has been sustained with a current standing of millions of television entertainment. In America alone, entertainment iis an industry on its own earning all the stakeholders millions of dollars every year. Limitations in the development of television led to similar limitations in entertainment. This was solely owed to the technicalities involved in television production. As earlier recalled, the primitive television system produced too much heat to be endured by individuals. This impounded on any possible develop ments in television and entertainment. Furthermore, the cameras could only capture images in a single straight line which again limited viewers to a single perspective of any event. Remarkably, it has taken total transformation, innovation and creativity to deliver what America enjoys today in its spectrum of entertainment. Impact of television on education The use of television in education is of key significance with first accounted in 1939. Since then, television has influenced the education and ideologies of not only children but also the youth. Scholars have argued that television has been a tremendous educational tool that can greatly affect academic achievement and student behavior. According to Susan R. Johnson, the writer of strangers in our homes, the effects of television on the brains of growing children have been scientifically proven, ranging from violence and negative stereotyping of behavior. Television has affected the means through which children learn, allowing them to enjoy measured information at a time (Postman, 375). Throughout learning institutions, television has been regarded as an attractive channel of enticing children to like school. Television has be regarded as interactive, creative, filled with colorful images and stimulating to learners especially those who re seemingly uninterested in academics. Further Postman argues that the classroom setup is better that learning through television which impounds learners development of social skills. This has been largely attributed to the fact that children spend majority of their time in front of television sets rather than engaging in activities such as sports. This according to studies harms the cognitive and social development of the children and young teenagers. One study concluded that early exposure of children to television dented the brain development of individuals even in later life. According to Stein and Friedrich, 19721, heavy television watching accounts for low intelligence and poor achievement in studies. This may be countered by ensuring moderation while exposing children to television content. Partents should be firm in issues of time control while concerning television content. This way the original benefits of television will be enjoyed as intended. Impact of education on culture Television has greatly influenced the culture of the modern society. The recordings of changes have been witnessed on issues such as language, musicreligion, fashion and general lifestyle changes. For instance the advertisement of food products or drinks using idealized personalities has spread to people of all walks of life as in the case of Pepsi or Coca Cola products. This euphoria has been speedily spread by the use of television by the manufacturers. The mass media and particularly television has introduced new ideas and lifestyle behaviors not only among children but also among the adult generation irrespective of gender, language or race. Images and spoken words have seemingly lots of power t influence the lifestyle of people. The television has similarly acted as a convenient medium of acquiring knowledge and understanding of concepts. The development of the American slang has for instance been attributed to the broadcast of television programmes and further imitation of the language heard. This is particularly true while referencing to the young teenage viewers. However on equal measure, television has been a negative influence on the society. It has been observed that television presents adverse effects on behavior and ideologies. This is due to the themes cast in drama, films and advertisements. Violence and promiscuity for instance have been linked to television content that children are indulged in. it is unexpected of television to continue in affecting the behavior of individuals although other channels such as the internet and cell phone technology have created a massive wave of influence in the present day society. Conclusion The television is by far one of the most popular technologies not only in America but also in the global front. It is argued that 113 million households own a television set in America alone. It is totally undeniable that television has influenced the lives of Americans. The advancement of the technology has soared to great heights owing to the public support and continuous innovation by individuals. It has been clearly established over the years that the impact television has on economic, social and cultural aspects of life is not only tremendous but also permanent. Generations will continuously appreciate a technology that was born in 1927 by an inquisitive mind. Buy custom Television and the American Society essay

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Bio-remediation of Oil Spills using Microbes - Essay Example Apart from the above, people illegally may dump the pollutants such as the crude oil into the sea. Moreover, terrorists may also cause the oil spills just to destroy the country’s resources. The major victims of the oil spills occurring in the sea would be the aquatic animals and other marine living organisms which include plants under the sea. Thus, cleaning up and recovering from the oil spill are a major tasks and it is mainly based on the factors such as the nature of the oil that is being spilled, the quantity or the amount and the nature of the area being affected. There are different methods for cleaning up the oil spills which ensemble chemical treatment and Bioremediation. Bioremediation is the process of using the microorganisms to break down and remove the pollutants. â€Å"Bioremediation usually involves the use of biological agents to detoxify a contaminated environment† (Thangarajan et al., 2011). Thus, the noxious wastes of the oil spill can be effectivel y treated using microorganisms isolated and selected from the oil-contaminated environments to biodegrade the hydrocarbons in oil spill are a very promising technique for treatment of oil spills. This paper will feature the function of certain species of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and their role in Bio-remediation. Biodegradation by natural population of microorganisms can be considered as one of the primary mechanism by which the oil spills which are rich in petroleum hydrocarbons can be eradicated from the environment. The major success of the oil spills bioremediation mainly depends on the nature of the hydrocarbons and one’s ability to maintain and establish the conditions that favors the growth of the microorganisms in the particular contaminated environment. Therefore, the physical and the chemical characteristic of the oil and the oil spill area are the vital determinants in the bioremediation process. Thus, bioremediation encompasses the accelerated biodegradation in a natural way. Bioremediation techniques can be carried out in two different ways namely the in-situ or ex-situ methods. â€Å"In in-situ processes, the biological remediation is conducted at the contaminated site, whereas in ex-situ processes, the contaminated medium is extracted and processed off-site purification facilities.† (Rezende et al, n.d). Thus, bioremediation involves the processes of biostimulation and bioaugmentation. The Phenomenon of biostimulation comprises of addition of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous and thereby enhancing the growth of the microorganisms through adjusting the environmental conditions such as the temperature, moisture and aeration etc. Thus, most of the bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Cornybacterium are able to degrade the contaminants effectively under favorable environmental conditions and enriched nutrient supply. (Salami & Elum, 2008). On the other hand, the ot her phenomenon known as the bioaugmentaion where the microorganisms are able to degrade the specific oil spill contaminants namely the hydrocarbons are also being implemented. Therefore, bioremediation can be clearly understood as the phenomenon that exploits the microbial diversity and their metabolic versatility to convert noxious chemical oil spill contami